On a clear Tuesday morning, approximately nineteen (19) militants from a radical group known as Al Qaeda boarded and hijacked four separate airliners. The first plane, a Boeing 767 flying from Boston, hit the North Tower of the World Trade Center at 08.45 local time. The second, another Boeing 767, struck the South Tower of the World Trade Center approximately eighteen (18) minutes later. As millions of Americans watched the events on TV, a third plane, a Boeing 757, collided with the Pentagon around 09:45 local time. A fourth plane, United-Airlines Flight 93 departing from Newark, New Jersey, was hijacked. Passengers on board attacked the hijackers and the plane crashed into the ground in a field in Pennsylvania. The events that occurred on this day, September 11, 2001 (9/11), caused significant harm to the minority group of people of Middle Eastern origin. This article will discuss the treatment of those of Middle Eastern heritage following the events of 9/11. Since 9/11, individuals with ties to the Middle East have come under scrutiny. “Muslims have endured alarming rates of prejudice, discrimination and hate crimes.” (Amer&Bagarsa,2013). According to Amer, hate crimes against American Muslims have increased significantly since 9/11 to the point that they are “the most prevalent hate crime occurring on American soil.” (Amer&Bagarsa,2013). “The racialization of an 'Arab-Middle Eastern-Muslim' Other was constituted by a dual process of cultural racism and racialization of national origin... This consolidated the racial category 'Arab-Middle Eastern-Muslim' and made people associated with this category as embodying a 'culture' and/or 'religion' that... half of the paper... p://www.history.com/topics/9-11-attacks Amer, M. and Bagasra, A. (2013). Psychological research with Muslim Americans in the era of Islamophobia: Trends, challenges, and recommendations. American Psychologist, 68(3), 134-144. Retrieved May 1, 2014, from the Ohio Link database. Ecklund, K., & Khan, M. (2012). Attitudes toward American Muslims after September 11. Muslim Health Journal, 7(1), 1-16. Retrieved May 1, 2014 from Google database. Naber, N. (2006). The rules of forced involvement: Race, gender, and the culture of fear among Arab immigrants in post-9/11 San Francisco. Cultural Dynamics, 18(3), 235-267. Retrieved May 1, 2014, from the Ohio Link Database Rogers, W. (n.d.). Quotes about civilization. Clever quote. Retrieved May 1, 2014, from http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/keyworSchaefer, R. (2012). Racial and ethnic groups (13th ed.). Boston: Pearson.
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