Ethical issues arise when environmental regulations in a host nation are lower than those in the home nation. Developed nations have established many regulations regarding pollution, while developing nations often lack regulations. Lack of regulations often causes developing countries to experience higher levels of pollution. Nigeria, Africa's most populous country, is a country whose population has experienced environmental problems because foreign multinationals are allowed to run their businesses while committing human rights abuses. In the case study Shell and Nigerian Oil, by William Newberry and Thomas N Gladwin, Royal Dutch/Shell Group, the largest foreign oil producer in Africa, was publicly criticized for extracting oil from ethnic communities such as the Ogoni people who live near the Nigerian River Delta. . The once fertile land served as an important food source for the highly populated region, but has been transformed into a wasteland filled with pollution and land degradation caused by the company's oil production. In his article I will discuss the role that the people of Nigeria faced and how a relativist, universalist, Donaldson, Smith, Friedman, Marx and Bowie would have viewed the ethical or unethical role played by Shell Oil Company in the situation. In the 1990s, several ethnic groups in Nigeria peacefully protested against big oil companies causing pollution in their communities. The country's military dictatorship intervened against them and killed 80 people. A few years later, when residents of the Ogoni region protested to stop contactors from laying a new oil pipeline for Shell, Nigeria's mobile police force killed more than 2,000 people. Critics argued that Shell was partly responsible for the card's enormous power. The power principle suggests that if a company has the power that allows it the resources not to act unethically, then it should do so. In the case of Shell Oil, Bowie would say it had the resources to avoid the environmental investigations they caused, but instead chose to continue operating putting people in danger and causing harmful effects to the environment. Bowie would consider that Shell Oil's business practices were unethical because the multimillion-dollar business had no reason to behave unfairly, since they lacked power. After considering all the opinions discussed above; I have to agree with Friedman. I also believe that it is a company's primary responsibility to maximize profits for its shareholders, but if a company engages in unethical behavior then it is wrong to continue operating that way.