Temporary inequality exists as a means of “upgrading” a subordinate to the level of a dominant. Once the period of inequality ends, the two consider themselves equal. The other form of inequality, permanent inequality, exists solely because of an attribution of inferiority to a subordinate that is inherent and immutable. Unlike temporary inequality, there is no possibility of improvement for the subordinate; they are, in the eyes of the dominant, inferior and impossible to “fix”. Dominants, who naturally consider themselves superior to subordinates, begin to take advantage of subordinates. “From the total range of human possibilities, the activities most valued in a particular culture will tend to be contained within the domain of the dominant group; the least valued functions are relegated to subordinates” (Rothenberg, 112). Furthermore, subordinates, who at this point are under the total control of the dominant group, may begin to internalize the value of the dominants. “[Subordinates'] inabilities are attributed to innate defects or deficiencies of the mind or body…More importantly, subordinates themselves may come to find it difficult to believe in their own abilities” (112). This theory of domination and subordination is clearly reflected in race relations in the United States. Whites, who are the dominant group, make all the fallacious errors involved in race-based thinking; they are inclined, as Miller describes, to accumulate superior roles in society and to practice systematic cruelty towards subordinates because of their sincere belief that subordinates are inherently incapable of rising to the level of the dominant. This belief is internalized by both dominants and subordinates