In these countries their life expectancy is very low. This model is considered a non-system. Countries in this model have minimal insurance available. More than 75% have to pay for medical care every time they receive it. Healthcare reforms are taking place all over the world. The four worst global events occurred in Russia, China, the United States and Turkmenistan. These reforms had a dramatic effect on the country. The Russian system provides free medical care funded by the government. The Soviet Union had a huge healthcare system before it was eroded. They had a large amount of hospital equipment and workers. The system's transition to a public-private system went disastrously. Most Russians are covered. They still receive donations. Some people pay out of pocket just to have private care. In 2006, Vladimir Putin approved a $13.2 billion reform plan that did not improve the system. The reform did not point out the defects of the system. Russia still allocates 3.4% of its spending to healthcare. At least the WHO suggests so