Jazz music had an impact on the social movements that followed its popularity. Jazz music led to scandalous dancing and clothing, but was ultimately a major factor in women's liberation. The speakeasies attracted “a young audience from all walks of life, attracted by both the music and the increasingly evocative jazz dances. Both racial mixing and the widespread belief that jazz incites sexual activity cause [the older generation to criticize the movement]” (Music and Dance). Likewise, jazz was also the music of the civil rights movement. Jazz was supposed to be the music of unity that united classes, genders, and races, and is often described this way in history. He was a “great social leveler and unifier, [and] fused black and white citizens for the love of fast music aided by the aid of radio, social dance music, one of the first opportunities for public integration” (Jazz). However, black musicians were out of work more often than white bands. That's why Duke Ellington toured Europe, because he was more respected there. When Ellington returned from Europe after the Jim Crow era, he became more accepted and people realized what they had missed when he was there.