Silenced Group TheoryCheris Kramarae, professor of speech communication at the University of Illinois, would probably feel more satisfied if the summary section of this article were not necessary, if the connotations and ideas that silence the group the theory implies came to mind automatically. Unfortunately, however, I would confuse many people if I used the terms “silent group theory” in writings and conversations without further explanation. This demonstrates a fundamental concept in Kramarae theory. Silent group theory was designed to explore the experience of a subordinate group, particularly women, and therefore most of the general public does not recognize it. For the theory to spread widely, the dominant group must recognize and codify it. For many, the lack of voice of women and other marginalized groups remains "the problem without a name" (Kramarae, 1981) or worse, not a problem at all. A basic premise of Kramarae's theory states that the division of labor created different experiences for women and men. Therefore, women and men perceive the world differently. Historically, and to a large extent, still today, men inhabited and controlled the public and political sphere while women were limited to the home and personal matters (Griffin, 1997). Men developed the language of our culture to express what they knew was reality accompanied by how they wanted their world to be. Men's experiences, values and beliefs have been institutionalized while women's concerns, needs and rights have been marginalized and devalued. Edwin Ardener (1975) captures this phenomenon in his statement "the groups at the top of the social hierarchy determine to a large extent the dominant communication system of a... paper medium... do not give up" Derogatory attitudes towards women often involve circular reasoning, something that is tremendously difficult to overcome. Furthermore, to overcome these attitudes, at least at the national level, is the dominant group's focus on encouraging the dominant group to accept a theory that will diminish its power and advantages for the sake of justice? This is a question that mutated group theory does not answer and neither does I. References Griffin, E. M. (1997). . New York: McGraw-Hill Companies. Jenkins, M (1980). Woman to Woman: Speaking the Common Language (ed.). Elmsford, NY: Pergamon Press Inc. Kramarae, C. (1981). Women and men talking. Rowley, MA: Newbury House Publishers, Inc.
tags