Zhou et al (2008, p.193) note that the difference between tracking techniques in augmented reality (AR) and those used in virtual reality (VR) derive from the interoperability of the two systems. On the other hand, State et al (1995, p.1) argue that there are significant contributions to tracking in VR rather than AR. Work prior to that of State et al (1995) indicates that the best fraction of tracking systems in VR are magnetic. However, Zhou et al (2008, p.196) note that significant developments in AR tracking are vision-based, sensor-based or hybrid techniques. Bostanci et al (2011, p.425) classify AR tracking methods into four main categories including internal, external, fusion and recent approaches. Tracking techniques for VR and AR on the internal platform are related in the sense that they both use markers that emit signals such as magnetic and light-active markers (Bostanci et al, 2011, p.425; State et al, 1995, p.1 ). Berre et al (2006, p.5) confirm the argument by stating that one of the most commonly applied track orientations and positions in AR is the use of a magnetic sensor such as the Polhemus Isotrac. Furthermore, Joele (2005, p.15) states that AR tracking involves a number of stringent requirements, one of which is the high six degrees of freedom (DOF) when it comes to spatial precision in orientation and position. Wagner and Schmalstieg (2009, p.193), while researching AR tracking in mobile phones, argue that both AR and VR require 6-DOF pose device tracking. These devices include tangible interface objects for AR and head-mounted displays (HMDs) for VR. Furthermore, Neumann and Cho (1996, p.111) and Zhou et al (2008, p.193) argue that each tracking system contains a device that has the ability to reach... the center of the paper.... . .Chen, D.T., Garrett, W.F., & Livingston, M.A. (1995). Superior augmented reality recording by integrating landmark detection and magnetic tracking. In SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on computer graphics and interactive techniques. doi:10.1145/237170.237282. Vallino, J. R. (1998). Interactive augmented reality. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester. Wagner, D., & Schmalstieg, D. (2009). History and future of mobile phone augmented reality tracking. 2009 International Symposium on Ubiquitous Virtual Reality (2009). doi: 10.1109/ISUVR.2009.11.Zhou, F., Duh, H. B.-L., & Billinghurst, M. (2008). Trends in Augmented Reality Tracking, Interaction, and Visualization: A Ten-Year Review of ISMAR, ISMAR, 7th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, 193-202. doi: http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/ISMAR.2008.4637362.
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