Apple aims to do its best to save materials, such as aluminum and steel. Therefore, Apple insisted on developing its products as thin as possible because thinner products may not cost too many materials (Apple, 2015a). Additionally, Apple encourages customers to return their Apple products to Apple Stores for recycling if they no longer want those products. If the products still have monetary value, Apple will offer a certain number of credits that customers can use towards their next Apple product (Apple, 2015b). There are two advantages for this reuse and recycling program: one is that this program can increase the second purchase rate; the other is that it can support Apple's reverse supply chain (see Figure 2). Reverse supply chains can “recover value from disposed products” (Chiara, 2011, p.772). Apple has worked with e-waste experts to make the most of these returnable and recoverable materials to deduce waste and environmental impact (Apple, 2015a). It is therefore a closed-loop reverse supply chain that can collect old products from customers and return them to the original manufacturer to reuse the reusable materials (Chiara, 2011). The reuse process