Developmental Psychology Journal Articles The five journal articles I looked at were all from a journal called Developmental Psychology, May 2000. The first journal article I looked at was “Sleep Patterns and Sleep Disorders in School-Age Children.” This study evaluated sleep patterns, sleep disturbances, and sleepiness in school-age children. The sleep patterns of 140 children (72 boys and 68 girls; 2nd, 4th, and 6th grade students) were assessed with activity monitors (actigraphs). Additionally, the children and their parents completed complementary sleep questionnaires and daily reports. The findings reflect significant age differences, indicating that older children have more delayed sleep onset and increased reported daytime sleepiness. Girls have been found to spend more time sleeping and have a higher percentage of immobile sleep. Fragmented sleep was found in 18% of children. No age differences were found in any of the sleep quality measures. Scores on objective sleep measures were associated with subjective reports of sleepiness. Family stress, parental age, and educational level were related to child sleep-wake measures. The next article I looked at was “Shared Care: Comparisons of Home and Child Care Environments.” The experiences of 84 German children (12–24 months) enrolled or not in childcare were described with observational checklists from the time they woke up until they went to bed. The total amount of care experienced over the course of a weekday by 35 pairs of children (1 member of each pair in child care, 1 member not) did not differ depending on whether the children spent time in child care . Even though the child... in the center of the card... left their mothers and fathers on separate occasions in their families' homes. Parent-child pairs played for 8 minutes each with a set of stereotypically female toys (food and dishes) and a set of stereotypically male toys (track and cars). Levels of affiliation (involvement vs. distancing) and affirmation (directed vs. nondirected) were rated on 7-point scales every 5 seconds from the videotapes for both parents and children. Overall, play activity accounted for much of the variance in parenting. and children's mean ratings of affiliation and assertion. Some hypothesized gender-related behavioral differences were also observed. Furthermore, exploratory analyzes revealed some differences between different ethnic groups. The findings highlight the importance of role modeling and activity settings in the socialization and social construction of gender.