2.1.3.2 Personal scopeWhile the scope of influence includes all elements of a tourism experience that are outside the individual, including the physical environment, the social environment and tourism products and services, the personal aspect The realm encompasses the elements within a person. This includes motivation and expectation, satisfaction/dissatisfaction, knowledge, memory, perception, personal identity and emotions. 2.1.3.3 Motivation and expectation The tourism experience literature highlights the importance of both motivation and expectation in the overall evaluation of a destination experience. Although there are numerous variables that shape tourist behavior, motivation and expectations are often considered the most critical ones as they constitute the driving force behind all tourists' behavioral actions towards a destination (Fodness, 1994). This is also reiterated by 46). Motivation directly influences the overall evaluation of a tourism activity (Ryan, 2002b) and lays the foundation for the formation of people's goals (Mansfeld, 2000). As it is reflected in both choice and travel behavior, it influences tourists' expectations of a destination, which in turn determine their perception of their experience of the destination. Motivation is therefore a determinant of satisfaction (Gnoth, 1997). This is also reiterated by Garcia-Mas and Garcia-Mas (2005) underlining that motivation exists when a person is able to create an impulse that leads to a need, which in turn creates a feeling of satisfaction until the need created was not satisfied. In tourism, travel needs and motivations reinforce early expectations of a tourism activity and can even influence its final outcome (Quinlan Cutler & Carmichael,