y Liquid Chromatography - Mass SpectrometryWhat is chromatography? Chromatography is the technical term for a variety of laboratory approaches for the separation of mixtures (solid/liquid/gas). The mixture is dissolved in a fluid called the mobile phase, which carries it through a structure containing another material known as the stationary phase. The various constituents of the mixture are transported at different speeds, causing their separation. The separation is mainly based on the differential partitioning between the mobile and stationary phases. Small differences in the partition coefficient of a compound determine a differential retention time on the stationary phase and therefore modify the separation (Tomer, et al., 1994). Chromatography can be preparatory or analytical. The basic purpose of preparative chromatography is to separate the components of a mixture for more advanced uses (and it is also a purification method). Analytical chromatography is normally performed with smaller quantities of material and is used to measure the relative proportions of analytical in a mixture. The two are not mutually exclusive (Covey, et al., 1986). Basically, chromatographic methods can be classified based on several factors.• by the shape of the chromatographic bed1. Column chromatography2. Planner chromatography (paper and thin layer methods)• Displacement chromatography• based on the physical state of the mobile phase1. Gas2. Liquid• via separation mechanism1. Adsorption chromatography2. Ion exchange chromatography3. Size exclusion chromatography4. Partition chromatography5. Affinity chromatography Figure 1: Classification of chromatography techniques. Liquid Chromatography Liquid chromatography (LC) is an analytical method...... half of the paper...... their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). Different techniques are available for both ionization and ion analysis, resulting in many different categories of mass spectrometers with different combinations of these two processes. In practice, some combinations are much more versatile than others, and the following descriptions focus on the main types of ion sources and mass analyzers used in LC-MS systems.• Ion sources1) Electrospray ionization source2) Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source3 ) Atmospheric pressure Photoionization• Mass analyzers1) Quad analyzers2) Time-of-flight analyzers3) Ion trap analyzers4) Hybrid analyzersCapillary liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry applications Biochemical screening or genetic disorders, Drug monitoring and toxicology, Vitamins and related metabolites, Analysis of steroid hormones

Topic > y Liquid Chromatography - Mass SpectrometryWhat is chromatography? Chromatography is the technical term for a variety of laboratory approaches for the separation of mixtures (solid/liquid/gas). The mixture is dissolved in a fluid called the mobile phase, which carries it through a structure containing another material known as the stationary phase. The various constituents of the mixture are transported at different speeds, causing their separation. The separation is mainly based on the differential partitioning between the mobile and stationary phases. Small differences in the partition coefficient of a compound determine a differential retention time on the stationary phase and therefore modify the separation (Tomer, et al., 1994). Chromatography can be preparatory or analytical. The basic purpose of preparative chromatography is to separate the components of a mixture for more advanced uses (and it is also a purification method). Analytical chromatography is normally performed with smaller quantities of material and is used to measure the relative proportions of analytical in a mixture. The two are not mutually exclusive (Covey, et al., 1986). Basically, chromatographic methods can be classified based on several factors.• by the shape of the chromatographic bed1. Column chromatography2. Planner chromatography (paper and thin layer methods)• Displacement chromatography• based on the physical state of the mobile phase1. Gas2. Liquid• via separation mechanism1. Adsorption chromatography2. Ion exchange chromatography3. Size exclusion chromatography4. Partition chromatography5. Affinity chromatography Figure 1: Classification of chromatography techniques. Liquid Chromatography Liquid chromatography (LC) is an analytical method...... half of the paper...... their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). Different techniques are available for both ionization and ion analysis, resulting in many different categories of mass spectrometers with different combinations of these two processes. In practice, some combinations are much more versatile than others, and the following descriptions focus on the main types of ion sources and mass analyzers used in LC-MS systems.• Ion sources1) Electrospray ionization source2) Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source3 ) Atmospheric pressure Photoionization• Mass analyzers1) Quad analyzers2) Time-of-flight analyzers3) Ion trap analyzers4) Hybrid analyzersCapillary liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry applications Biochemical screening or genetic disorders, Drug monitoring and toxicology, Vitamins and related metabolites, Analysis of steroid hormones