The PAP said that “Western-style democracy” is not suitable for Asian countries and would instead bring chaos and conflict (Ortmann, 2011). Lee's perception towards the Western style of democracy is accepted by many Singaporeans. Westerners see democracy as the symbol of full freedom, while that seen by Lee Kuan Yew is a source of instability (Sim, 2006). The penetration of the West's fundamental understanding of democracy is simply not compatible with the Asian political system which has different culture, traditions and ideology (Welzel, 2011). The promotion of “Confucianism” was initiated by Lee Kuan Yew in the late 1970s (Mauzy & Milne, 2002), which then became the central ideology of the Singapore government. Confucianism is established as a fundamental value to oppose the moral crisis of Westernization. In contrast to the full democracy of Western democratic leaders, Confucian leaders express their level of hierarchical power without erasing their respect for followers (Neher, 1999). Confucianism teaches to respect the superior (leader) to achieve harmony; the superior should not act arbitrarily and rule with honesty (Neher, 1999). If Western democracy explained that democracy involves individual freedom, in Asia individualism is closely related to selfishness. Confucianism encourages a person to think about others rather than their own selfishness (Mauzy & Milne, 2002). Furthermore, Lee argues