Topic > Us Against Them, by Ella Shohat - 1467

In human history, war has been part of our lives; it has almost become a natural event. Human beings have experienced different types of warfare from internal and external wars. During times of war, our notion of security is threatened because an accident disrupts what we consider normal. According to Ella Shohat, war creates binaries in which people are unable to occupy multiple identities. However, we see that this is the nature of human society, especially during times of “crisis”. During these times, society creates the binary notion of “us versus them”; “we” are people who identify with the norm and are not seen as deviant, while “they” are people seen as “the others,” those who do not conform to our social expectations. Others are seen as a national threat to the security of the nation state. To understand Shohat's perspective as a victim of binarisms, analyzing the creation of “us versus them” is crucial to understanding the oppressions created by binarisms. Furthermore, we need to explore which and who constitute a threat to societal norms, especially when the nation state declares a “state of emergency”. Finally, border ideas are important for understanding binarism and the notion of security. By addressing such issues, it is possible to have a better understanding of the oppressions created by the nation-state, especially during times of war. The master uses these tools to create and reproduce oppression in the nation state. In Guetner Lewy's literature, The Nazi: Persecution of the Gypsies, the use of the concept of "us versus them" is evident. Gypsies were seen as a threat to the biological security of the German state. Lewy notes that the Germans believed the Gypsies were a nuisance and were later seen as a problem. According to Lewy…half of the paper…states of emergency have become a norm and are no longer a temporary state. It's almost become part of the social norm. Finally, we see that borders create a sense of security by having a physical wall that does not allow unwanted people to enter the nation state. Image identification is crucial to maintaining the purpose of the border as it tells people that you are welcome in the nation state. Those who do not possess an identity document are seen as a possible threat to the nation's security. The physical space of the border creates a binary identity of being welcomed or unwanted. By using the label “us versus them,” having the ability to create states of emergency, and having boundaries, the master is able to maintain power. To understand the oppression of people, we must look at these entities to understand the power dynamics of society.