According to Selman Waksman, "an antibiotic is any small molecule produced by a microbe that antagonizes the growth of other microbes (Clardy et al., 2011)." . Antibiotics have been around for thousands of years. “For example, tetracycline, a common antibiotic used for periodontal disease, dates back to 350-550 AD. Traces of it have been found in the bones of human remains in Sudanese Nubia along with the femur bones of human vestiges dating back to the late Roman period. in the Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt (Clardy et al., 2011)." . Antibiotics are the most powerful form of chemotherapy with a high success rate in the history of medicine. We can associate the "antibiotic era" with Paul Ehrlich and Alexander Flemming. “Ehrlich is responsible for the screening method for drugs used to combat diseases used by pharmaceutical companies (Aminov 2010).” Flemming, on the other hand, is responsible for the discovery of penicillin on September 3, 1928. This was a life-saving discovery. The 1950s and 1970s are known as the golden era of the discovery of new classes of antibiotics. This was the period when sulfa drugs were discovered and thousands of other drugs were identified. We entered the new millennium knowing that the "Golden Age" had come to an end. An alarming increase in antibiotic resistance has begun globally. With great discoveries also come excessive problems. From 1944 until today, penicillin, a common antibiotic used for many bacterial diseases, has had large-scale production and its use has increased. If he had not been sent to the front during World War II, many soldiers would have died from bacterial diseases. Ultimately, many of the bacterial species that were intended to kill continued to survive by treating... middle of paper... resistant organisms in the population have much higher fitness than the susceptible population, resulting in the dominance of resistance cells. The discoveries of antibiotics led to fundamental improvements in human health in the early 20th century. In a broader context, antibiotic resistance is a dangerous and evolving problem that requires immediate attention and future planning. If this problem is not fought, it can lead to a bad humanity, where death is on the rise due to these resistant bacteria without cure. The effectiveness of current therapies is decreasing and antibiotics represent a temporary solution to bacterial multi-resistance. The WHO, CDC and FDA are creating better monitoring systems to detect the rise of drug-resistant bacteria. On a global scale antibiotics need to be renewed and have a higher rate of successful efficacy .