A prevalent but highly economic constraint that has plagued inner-city communities is the lack of financial income. Studies have identified “registration costs, equipment and travel expenses” as key factors in low-income and single-income families' lack of participation in recreational activities (Hughes et al, 1992). Although many programs are offered free of charge, paid programs discourage participation by youth from low-income families (Torrance, 1998). Many inland cities do not offer recreational programs for residents within the community, forcing them to seek recreational activities elsewhere. This results in additional investments in both time and transportation costs, as many low-income families cannot afford a car (Hughes et al, 1992). This causes strain on single parent families with more than one child, as they struggle to find programs suitable for various ages in different locations (Hughes et al, 1992). Another socioeconomic constraint that has had a major impact on recreational activities in inner-city communities is the lack of facilities and space for community centers. Residents of low-income communities often reside in neighborhoods that lack the resources necessary to facilitate positive recreational engagement. A study regarding