Topic > Essay on Walkways - 1651

Literature ReviewIntroductionPedestrian-induced lateral vibrations of walkways have been observed for several decades. More recently, long-span pedestrian bridges around the world have experienced unacceptable levels of lateral vibration and, more locally, have included the Paris Solferino and London Millennium Bridges in 1999 and 2000 respectively. As a result, conducted research into the causes of this lateral vibration and, in particular, into a phenomenon called "synchronous lateral excitation" (SLE), where, under certain pedestrian load conditions, a sudden and strong increase in bridge vibration occurs. In particular, London's Millennium pedestrian bridge became a high-profile case and attracted much publicity, and its subsequent investigation and resolution was widely monitored and publicized. Extensive testing, data and resulting analyzes have been conducted with respect to the structure, crowd load effects and pedestrian modeling with respect to structure vibration effects providing publicly accessible data. Since this event, more attention has been drawn to other similar experiences with catwalks and has led to more extensive research on the topic. Since 2000, the number of articles published during that decade related to this topic has increased more than eight times compared to the previous one, Venuti and Bruno (2009). This also brings to light the possibility of potential problems for bridges that may not yet have experienced high levels of pedestrian loading. The London Millennium Footbridge Examining some of the problems with this footbridge will identify areas of study and investigation which will be examined in more detail later SU. The bridge opened in June 2000 and the experience... center of paper... is driven laterally in a sinusoidal manner at selected frequencies and amplitudes. The tests carried out indicated force peaks at the walking frequency and its harmonics, but also indicated an additional frequency, which was called self-excited force. He was also able to identify that pedestrians acted as a negative force, effectively damping the structure over a range of frequencies with a substantially high incidence of outcome. More extensive tests were performed more recently by Ingolfsson[], using the same treadmill, but for more pedestrians and a wider range of frequencies and amplitudes. He summarized that pedestrians act as negative dampers for most frequencies and increase the overall modal mass at higher frequencies but decrease it at lower frequencies. The wide variation in measurements, however, prevents a deterministic description of the data