Topic > The Role of the Gods in the Iliad - 1058

However, because they sometimes know what fate has ordained, they have the ability to manipulate it or use it for their own purposes. For example, Athena (as indicated by Hera) does not want Achilles to kill Agamemnon (1.220-230). Instead, he instructs him to withdraw from the war, teasing him with the promise of even greater riches (1.242-252). As Margo Kitts says in What's Religious in the Iliad: "We, the audience, know the cruelty in its promise of thrice the riches to come, given the sacrifice of Patroklos that will ultimately drive Achilles to fight, conquer those riches, and then face death” (228). While Athena gets what she wants – Agamemnon alive and the fall of the Trojans at the hands of Achilles – humans pay the price However, even if the gods can exploit fate to satisfy one's own desires cannot prevail over it. This is clear when Zeus watches Sarpedon die, because it is destined to happen even if he would prefer to save his son, in order to "avoid disturbing fate and triggering a clash of parental interference." -gods, [Zeus] must content himself with carrying away the corpse and weeping divine tears of blood" (Kitts 227). These limitations are similar to those that prevent humans from changing destiny. Although mortal man may know what he has decreed destiny, perhaps through a prophecy or a revelation, he cannot change it. He could, however, use it to his advantage. For example,