The conquest of the Arab dynasties and the Turks paved the way for the entry of Islam into Central Asia and its wider spread. Initially the Arab dynasty, the Umayyad Caliphate entered Central Asia with the intention of conquering and establishing bases in the mid-7th century. This was considered the first Muslim colonization (Esposito 21). As a result, at the beginning of the 8th century, Arab armies settled in the Indus River delta, which is located in northwest India. It was called by an Arabic name 'Sindh' (Metcalf 3). Even though there were indigenous populations, over time they converted into Muslims with the emergence of local kingdoms. Along with the Arab conquest, another wave of conquests hit India strengthening the spread of Islam in the 11th century. It was led by the Turkish conqueror Muhammad of Ghor (Metcalf 6). They established a large territory with an organized government called the Delhi Sultanate. The conquerors used the stage for conversion to Islam with the help of the ruling class. They convince Hindus to become Muslims by attacking many Hindu temples, building shrines on Hindu temple sites, and reaffirming Hindu stories with Muslim characters so that they can create a suitable environment for Islam to exist. However, some readers may dispute this statement that forcing and persuading were the means adopted by the Turkish conquerors to spread Islam, but the style of mosques built in that period bears witness to the transformation of Hindu temples into mosques (). In addition to the conquerors, Muslim traders also contributed to the expansion of Islam in India. Islam spread more widely with the arrival of Muslim merchants and traders… middle of paper… legalism and cultivation of the soul over social interaction. Sufism facilitates the fusion of Islam with pre-Islamic practices and cultures (Huahan, “Spread of Islam in South Asia”). As pre-Islamic law continued to govern the indigenous population, while Islamic law was limited to specific religious matters such as strict adherence to Islamic customs. Even the teachings of Sufism are outside social class and jurisprudence. Furthermore, Sufis generally speak of God's mercy, kindness, and beauty rather than of his wrath, severity, and majesty. Literally these positive customs of Sufism gave hope to the lower class people in the indigenous religious population. It was also not a challenge to adapt, so conversion was easy and Islam among the indigenous populations because Sufism tended to be more tolerant of indigenous animist religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism.