Bones are rigid and dynamic biological organs in which a series of active cells reside and integrate into a rigid matrix and this structure physically supports and protects the tissues and organs of our body. Bone stores minerals, and the bone marrow within the bone structure produces new blood cells. There are over 270 pieces of bone found in the body of newborns, and many of them fuse together as they grow. These bones have different shapes and have complex and hierarchical structures. With different shapes, mechanical properties and biological activities, they act in a variety of roles for our body functions. In this review paper, we mainly focus on long bone healing, regeneration and tissue engineering strategies. A number of mechanisms such as biochemical mechanisms, bone cell biology, hormonal and pathological mechanisms have attributable effects on the healing progress of bone tissue. Osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes are three main cells related to bone tissue regeneration that contribute to the completion of wound healing. Differentiated from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the main function of osteoblasts is to build the bone extracellular matrix (ECM), known as osteoid, by producing and secreting organic compounds, such as type I collagen. Osteoblasts are also involved in mineralization , where osteoblasts secrete alkaline phosphatase that modifies the phosphate groups so that they become foci of mineral deposition [1]. During bone formation, osteoblasts have two paths to follow. One of these two is to become trapped in the matrix secreted by the osteoblasts themselves and differentiate into osteocytes and the other is to undergo a programmed cell death, called apoptosis [2]. Osteoblasts influence skeletal architecture in two main aspects: deposition of the bone matrix... middle of the sheet...): p. 412-20.10. DePalma, AF, et al., Anterior interbody fusion for severe cervical disc degeneration. Surg Gynecol Obstet, 1972. 134(5): p. 755-8.11. Kalfas, IH, Principles of bone healing. Neurosurgical Focus, 2001. 10(4): p. 1-4.12. LaStayo, P.C., K.M. Winters, and M. Hardy, Fracture Healing: Bone Healing, Fracture Management, and Current Hand Concepts. J Hand Ther, 2003. 16(2): p. 81-93.13. Marsell, R. and TA Einhorn, The biology of fracture healing. Infortunio, 2011. 42(6): p. 551-555.14. Dimitriou, R., E. Tsiridis and PV Giannoudis, Current concepts of molecular aspects of bone healing. Injury-International Journal of the Care of the Injured, 2005. 36(12): p. 1392-1404.15. Gerstenfeld, L.C., et al., Three-dimensional reconstruction of fracture callus morphogenesis. Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, 2006. 54(11): p. 1215-1228.