Smelting processes are usually carried out in the furnace. In the furnace the raw material is converted into molten metal. 1.6.5 Pouring Pouring of molten metal into the mold with the help of the ladle. Pouring molten metal into the mold requires careful control. 1.6.6 Solidification and Cooling After molten metal is poured into a mold, a series of events occur as the metal solidifies and cools to room temperature. The temperature of the molten metal decreases with respect to time. 1.6.7 Cleaning Cleaning refers to all the operations necessary to remove sand, flakes and excess metal from the casting. The casting is separated from the mold and transported to the cleaning department. sand and burnt scale are removed to improve the surface appearance of the casting. excess metal, in the form of lugs, wires, parting line lugs, and gates, is removed. Castings can be improved by welding or other procedures. Inspection of the casting for defects and overall quality is performed. 1.7 Advantage of Casting 1. The casting process is highly adaptable to mass production requirements.2. The advantage over the forging process is