Most speculation about the causes of the American Civil War has some relation to slavery. Although slavery was a factor in the disagreements that led to the Civil War, it was not the lone or primary cause. There were three other larger causes that contributed more directly to the onset of the Southern states' secession and, ultimately, the outbreak of the war. These three causes included the economic and social divergence between the North and the South, state versus national rights, and the Supreme Court ruling in the Dred Scott case. Each of these causes involved slavery in some way, but was not based solely on slavery. The North and the South were forming completely different economies, and therefore completely different geographies, from each other during the period of the Industrial Revolution and just before the Civil War. . The Northern economy was based primarily on industrialization resulting from the formation of the American System, which produced large quantities of goods in factories. The North was becoming much more urbanized due to factories located in cities, close to major rail systems for transporting goods, along with the movement of large groups of workers to cities to be closer to their work. As the rate of employment opportunities increased in the North, many different people from different ethnic groups and classes ended up working together. This triggered the end of the Northern social order. The South was not urbanizing as rapidly as the North, and thus the social order still existed; The Southern economy was based on cotton production after Eli Whitney's invention of the cotton gin. Large cotton plantation production made up the majority of American manufacturing… half the paper… was not about slavery,” Confederate Veteran, 20 (September/October 2010) Roark, James L., Michael P . Johnson, Patricia Cline Cohen, Sarah Stage, Alan Lawson, Susan M. Hartmann. Understanding the American Promise, Volume I, Chapter 14. Bedford/ St. Martin's.Symonds, Craig. “American Civil War (1861-1865),” New York Times .Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1857. “Important by Montgomery; Inauguration of Jefferson Davis as President of the Southern Confederacy. His Inaugural Address Policy of the New Government Foreshadowed,” New York Times, February 19, 1861. “Secession A Southern Convention Amendment to the Constitution,” New York Times, November 19, 1860. “The Slavery Question in the Southern States,” The New York Times, October 3, 1859.