There are two conditions that a statement must satisfy to be valid. The first is that all the premises must be true and secondly the conclusion of the statements must be false. A statement of contradiction is false in every connotation, which makes it logically false. There are contradictions within the truth table. For V&~V the conclusions are false in every statement. The opposite of a contradiction is a tautology. A tautology is when every interpretation is true. In the example C→C the first condition is not satisfied because there are four cases in which both premises are false but the conclusion is