Child-rearing practices in the 1500s and 1600s were very different from those of modern times. During the 1500s and 1600s, children were raised in various ways due to conditions such as mortality rates. In these times, life expectancy was reduced, due to diseases caused by rodent hygiene, and waste disposal systems, which gave parents a specific reason to make their children grow faster than normal. The goal for most parents when raising their children during these times was to raise their young adolescents into mature adults with the help of harsh punishments and religion to get their children to decipher right from wrong . In the 1500s and 1600s children were punished to grow up so they would behave more like adults at a young age. In the Domostroi, a Russian manual on home management, a teaching is explained that parents should follow when raising their children. It is exclaimed that when: "A man who loves his son will often whip him so that when he grows up he may be a joy to him." This shares with us the fact that when a man beats his own, the child becomes enlightened and educated and that with every unacceptable action comes discipline; thus, with painful whippings, children learn to behave like adults through punishments. When these children grow up behaving like adults, their parents appreciate them because they are able to behave in a respectable manner. In this excerpt from The Domostroi, it is stated that once a child has been whipped enough and understands what is acceptable and what is not, a parent will be honored by their child's actions (Document 3: The Domostroi, Moscow. 1550) . ). Another [parental] example of punishment guiding children is that of King Henry IV. King Henr... in the center of the paper... and thinks about his decisions. Blundell got exactly what he hoped for, appreciation and a lesson learned from Blundell's chosen form of punishment. Blundell being a Catholic gentleman, decided that having his dearest daughter confess her ungodly sins to her father would help her realize her wrong deeds and correct them so that she would grow up to be a respectable adult (Document 10: William Blundell , "An Exercise for the Children to Embolden Them in Speaking, Lancashire, England, 1663). With punishment and religion, the children of these parents raised their children to become adults at an earlier age than normal. Not just the whippings , but also discipline in general helped children to become aware of all actions that would not have been considered acceptable. Religion also contributed to achieving this goal that parents were trying to achieve in the 1500s and 1600.