The Pre-Service Teacher Test Anxiety Scale: A Principal Component Analysis Index Scale Rationale p. 3Scale development p. 4Initial Scale page. 6Scale Development Analysis p. 7Table 1 (Factor loadings) p. 9Principal Components Analysis with Orthogonal RotationReliability and Validity p. 10Table 2 (Correlations for validation) p. 10Demographic comparison page. 11Recommendations page. 11References page. 13 Internal Structure, Reliability, and Validity of the Test Anxiety Scale for Pre-Service Teachers Fundamentals of the New Scale Nervous feelings preceding an upcoming exam are something that most people have experienced at some point in their lives. Some are not much affected by pre-exam nervousness, while others find it debilitating (Sarson, 1978). This more extreme type of reaction to an upcoming exam is known as test anxiety. Anxiety can be defined as an individual's response to something perceived as a threat, which can manifest itself in different ways (Hockenbury, 2010). Test anxiety can affect an individual's moods, thoughts, behaviors, and even bodily functions (Seligman, Walker, & Rosenhan, 2010). For example, people who suffer from test anxiety and have an upcoming exam may have difficulty concentrating, have stomach upset, or suffer from a depressed mood. Numerous scales have been created to examine pre-service teachers' mathematics anxiety (Bekdemir, 2010 ;Gresham, 2007). However, little research is available examining test anxiety among this population. Test anxiety can have harmful side effects or... middle of paper... in test anxiety and test stress. Journal of Pakistan Psychiatric Society, 9(2), 85-90.Gresham, G. (2007). A study of mathematics anxiety in pre-service teachers. Journal of Early Childhood Education, 35(2), 181-188.Hockenbury, D. (2010). Discovering Psychology: WH Freeman & Company. Sarason, I. G. (1978). The test anxiety scale: Concept and research. Stress and Anxiety, 5, 185-216. Seligman, M., Walker, E. F., & Rosenhan, D. L. (2010). Abnormal Psychology (4th ed.). New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. Spielberger, CD (1980). Test Anxiety Inventory: preliminary professional manual. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.Sullivan, L. (2002). The effect of test anxiety on attention and memory skills in college students. Paper presented at the Annual Review of Undergraduate Research at the College of Charleston, USA Charleston.