During the 19th century, France, particularly Paris, had become increasingly industrialized, resulting in cramped living spaces, dung-filled streets, and unsanitary living conditions. A protist also caused a grape famine throughout France, which had ruined a major agricultural export, wine. Anti-Semitism became a unifying cause for the French people, because they were able to blame the Jews for the horrible conditions in France. Also, France was recently defeated in the Franco-Prussian War, there was a lot of tension within France. Furthermore, France was under pressure to rebuild after facing industrial and agricultural difficulties. In 1894 Captain Dreyfus was immediately accused of espionage by the German army because he had access to the leaked information and most likely because he was of Jewish origin. On December 22, 1894, Captain Dreyfus was tried in a secret court and unanimously found guilty. Subsequently, he was stripped of his rank in a ceremony and sent to prison on Devil's Island for the rest of his life. His supporters called for a new trial due to insufficient evidence and the lack of a public trial. He was charged by a military court. however, in the retrial he was again found guilty and sent to Devil's Island for ten years. In 1899, the French president acquitted Dreyfus and he was allowed to return to Paris where he continued his military career. Finally, in 1995, the French government found Dreyfus innocent. There were some reasons behind his condemnation due to the fact that France was under the stress of agricultural issues and the effects of industrialization. Emilie Zola was a great supporter of Dreyfus who published J'accuse, which accused the government of a… medium of paper… blood, precursor of racist anti-Semitism in the twentieth century” (Laqueur , 70). This idea held that Jewish blood carried unpleasant or desired qualities, and demonstrated that they were of lower quality than the French people. Another example of modern anti-Semitism in the 20th century was the use of Social Darwinism to show what the Jewish race was like. decadent and inferior to the French race. “The physical appearance of the Jews was inferior to that of other races. Dark-skinned, with hooked noses, cranberry lips and round shoulders, they were fat and had flat feet, they could not walk or stand upright; it was argued that their body language was excessive and ostentatious” (158, Laqueur). Their main appearance was an indicator that the Jewish race was inferior, due to the stereotype of their appearance it proved that the races were gradually decreasing.