According to the observations of Vogel, Porter and Kebbell (2014: 91), women associated with violence, for example in the context of terrorist or counter-terrorism operations, are treated with charm, or are proposed as examples of abnormality. As a result, these views also perpetuate a pervasive discourse that still sees women as an unusual presence on the front lines of battlefields, with women's "large-scale participation" in what is still seen as a male-dominated role treated in a contemptuous nature manner (91). The representation of women in combat roles tends to be formulated from traditional representations of women as victims of conflict – directly as spoils of war, or indirectly as widows or grieving mothers (Utas, 2005: 404). Sjoberg and Gentry have commented on the large amount of literature regarding war, violence and masculinity in international relations, and how often “male violence” has a negative effect on women's lives (2007: 3). So, while men's participation in violence is seen as natural, when it comes to women's participation, the consensus is that there must be underlying reasons, for example circumstances beyond their control, possibly as a result of personal idiosyncrasies or pressures exerted about them. from male peers or from a male-dominated environment (Vogel, Porter, & Kebbell, 2014: 93). This essay believes that female violence is represented and controlled by labelling, talking about and framing individual cases in a context that can be easily classified using established methods. narratives about female attributes. With positive examples (anti-terrorism and death in battle), the focus is more on the characteristics that identify them as women, for example vulnerable, while with negative examples (terr... [Online], available: http://www.theguardian. com/world/2004/sep/05/russia.chechnya1 [15/01/2014].Hirsch, A. (2013) From Zulu to the 'white widow', why do all African stories need a white face?, [ Online], Available: http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/oct/04/zulu-white-widow-samantha-lewthwaite-westgate-mall [ 01/16/2013].Kumar, D. (2010 ) Jihad Jane: Building the New Muslim Enemy, [Online], available: http://www.fifth-estate-online.co.uk/comment/Jihad_Jane_Deepa_Kumar.pdf [16/01/2013].Nir, O, ( 2002) Palestinians see a 'Joan of Arc', [Online], available: http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/the-palestinians -see-a-joan-of-arc-1.53335 [01/15/2014].Phelan, A. (2013) 'White Widow', 'Black Widow': Why do Female Terrorists Perplex Us?, [Online], Available: http://phys.org/news/2013 -09-white-widow-black-female-terrorists.html [15/01/2014].