1. MICROGRIDS: INTRODUCTION The definition of a Microgrid by the U.S. Department of Energy's Microgrid Exchange Group (MEG) is: “A Microgrid is a group of interconnected loads and energy resources distributed within clearly defined electrical boundaries that acts as a single controllable entity with respect to the grid. A Microgrid can connect and disconnect from the grid to allow it to operate in both grid-connected and islanded modes.” [DOE12]Microgrids can be considered as the constituent elements of the Smartgrid, or even as an alternative path to what is now starting to be known as Supergrid. Furthermore, they can be divided into two broad categories: despachable (controllable output to meet fluctuations in demand) and non-despachable (uncontrollable and unpredictable production. [KELLY] The emergence of microgrids occurred after it was realized that the Power grid architecture existing today (Figure 1) is becoming obsolete, as it is based on the idea of ​​a top-down system, based on unidirectional energy flows [ASMUS09]The individual constituent parts will vary, but will always have a responsible master controller to match the load with both islanded and grid-connected generation, providing real-time response and fault protection, grid connection and disconnection, and performing predictive and forecasting analysis real-time connection status to act as Energy Manager. [SANCHEZ] It also requires a protection system where the sources are interfaced using power electronics, so it definitely needs unique protection solutions to provide functionality. [CERTS03]As already explained, its operation is different from the traditional BT network. A......middle of paper......industrial communitiesOrlando, USACERTS03 Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology SolutionsIntegration of Distributed Energy Resources. The CERTS microgrid conceptCalifornia, USA, 2003KELLY Kelly, Nick PhD. Energy systems research unit. Strathclyde UniversityMicrogeneration and domestic energy demandGlasgowSMITH11 Smith, Merrill. Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy ReliabilityU.S. Department of Energy Research and Development on Microgrid TechnologiesJeju, South Korea, 2011HATZIARGYROU04 Hatziargyrou, Nikos. National Technical University of AthensOverview of Microgrids, Problems and SolutionsBilbao, Spain, 2004STANTON12 Stanton, Tom. National Regulatory Research InstituteAre smart microgrids in your future? Exploring Challenges and Opportunities for State Utility Regulators Maryland, United States, 2012